The Ledger

Private credit is recasting the circuitry of the financial system. In the final part of our Summer Series, we examine how insurance affiliates, NAV lines, and offshore reinsurance transmit stress. The system does not need to break to fail. Sometimes pressure just moves faster than recognition.

"Extend and pretend" is not a post-GFC invention. It is a century-old instinct. In Part II of our Summer Series, we explore how debt deferral, maturity wall fears, and strategic inaction have repeated across cycles, from 1930s bank policy to 1990s Japan to today's CRE market. With historical quotes, visuals, and behavioral insight, we examine why delay often becomes the most rational path, until it no longer is.

As capital markets recalibrate around sustainability and obsolescence risk, the office sector faces a stark financing divide. Modern, green assets are commanding tighter spreads and higher leverage, while legacy buildings are being priced out of the debt market entirely. In this analysis, we explore how lenders are redrawing the underwriting rulebook and what it means for the future of office real estate.

Small Modular Reactors (SMRs) could be the key to Europe's green transition, offering reliable, low-carbon energy alongside renewables.