The Ledger

In this 2024 Year in Review, we examine how regulation, capital markets, and occupiers converged to make decarbonization a defining theme in commercial real estate. From EU directives to SEC rules, the year reset expectations across the sector, and set the stage for 2025.

As 2024 draws to a close, energy performance is moving from ESG checkbox to financial driver. Regulation, valuation standards, and early capital signals are converging to reprice inefficient assets across Europe. The efficiency reckoning has begun.

Catastrophe bonds provide a key insight into climate risk pricing, helping CRE investors align portfolios with rising climate-related risks.